تقويم الخصائص السيكومترية لمقياس الخوف من الحرب (FOWARS): دراسة استطلاعية على عينة سودانية

The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Fear of War Scale (FOWARS), developed by Kalcza–Janosi et al. (2023), using a pilot Sudanese sample from the White Nile State. The study was conducted based on the guidelines of (True Score Theory), and the research team adopted a descriptive–analytical methodology. The evaluation procedures included examining various types of validity. Content validity was established through expert judgment, while internal consistency was supported by significant correlations between most items and the total score.Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted using the Alpha Factoring method with Quartimax rotation, revealing a single factor that explained a weak proportion of the total variance (11.877%), with acceptable loadings in only four items. Convergent validity could not be assessed due to the absence of locally standardized instruments that measure the same construct. Regarding reliability, internal consistency results were generally weak, with Cronbach’s Alpha at 0.480, McDonald’s Omega at 0.491, and Guttman’s Lambda at 0.637. However, test–retest reliability indicated a preliminary acceptable level of stability, with a coefficient of 0.681. These results highlight the need for further refinement of the scale’s structure, particularly by revising weakly correlated items and those with low factor loadings. The study also recommends conducting further research using larger and more diverse samples.